符合教學需求之適性化學習環境

Abstract

With vigorous development of the internet, e-learning system has become more and more popular. Currently, to solve the issue of sharing and reusing of teaching materials in different e-learning system, several standard formats including SCORM, IMS, LOM, and AICC, etc. have been proposed by international organizations. Among international standards, Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) has become the most popular standard. In SCORM standard, the Simple Sequence Specification, which relies on the concept of learning activities, defines the course sequencing behavior, which controls the sequencing, selecting and delivering of course, and organizes the content into a hierarchical structure, namely Activity Tree (AT). For a large learning activity, the Activity Tree will become too complex to manage and reuse, much less its sequencing behavior rules. Moreover, the lack of inter-relations among Activity Trees also makes the reusing and the reintegrating hard. These defects will limit the scalability and flexibility of adaptive learning system. Therefore, how to create, represent and maintain AT and associated sequencing definition are our concerns. Besides, for more personalized learning environment, how to extend the structure of AT with applying Pedagogical Theory also becomes an important issue. Therefore, in this paper, we extend and modualize the structure of AT by applying Pedagogical Theory and concept of Object Oriented Methodology, respectively. Thus, we first propose a novel model, Instructional Activity Model (IAM), which is composed of related AT nodes. Each AT node in IAM is modualized as a learning unit with inter-relations and specific attributes, which can be easily managed, reused, and integrated. We also propose two heuristic algorithms with general and specific domain heuristic to traverse IAM to generate the dynamic learning flexibility can apply different pedagogical theories for specific need by extension mechanisms. In addition, based on SCORM 1.3 RTE (Run Time Environment), we develop an IAM system to manage and dynamically generate personalized SOCRM compliant course. Based upon the results of experiment, we may conclude that the IAM system is workable and compatible with SCORM standard