新冠肺炎疫情相關風險行為原因之分析

Abstract

中文摘要

本研究項探索人們在COVID-19疫情流行期間，影響其心理、行為、觀點以及道德風險的因素為何，並調查在2022年暑期covid疫情政令逐漸放寬時，人們對口罩鬆綁、與疫情共存這兩個議題的看法。 我們以問卷調查，對於結果分成七個大主題進行分析：(1) 關注疫情資訊頻率；(2) 擔心確診程度；(3) 已打幾劑疫苗；(4) 共存支持程度；(5) 口罩鬆綁支持程度；(6) 已投保防疫險後的防疫心態；(7) 未投保者假想投保後的防疫心態，其中 (2) 與 (3)、(4) 與 (5)、(6) 與 (7) 兩兩進行比較分析。 我們的分析方法包括資料視覺化、傳統迴歸模型和ordered-logit模型。迴歸模型的解釋變數包含了風險態度、性別、年齡等等，實證結果顯示兩種迴歸模型的結果有一致性，且風險態度在每個主題中皆有顯著影響。

各主題簡要結果如下： (1)：男性比女性的關注頻率更高，關注的管道無明顯差異； (2) 與 (3)：擔心確診程度受到受近期疫情流行程度影響，不受年齡影響；施打的疫苗劑數則隨著年齡增長而先降後升； (4) 與 (5)：相較於共存議題，人們對口罩鬆綁的態度較為審慎，而且風險態度的影響幅度高了將近一倍； (6) 與 (7)：風險態度對道德風險的影響，實際情況大約是假設情況的兩倍。

Abstract

This research explores the factors that affect people's psychology, behavior, opinions, and moral hazards during the during Covid-19 pandemic. We also investigate people's attitudes towards the two issues of easing the mask mandate and coexistence with the pandemic when the covid-19 pandemic decrees are gradually relaxed in the summer of 2022. We conducted a questionnaire survey and divided the results into seven major topics for analysis: (1) the frequency of receiving covid-19 pandemic information; (2) the level of worry about contracting covid-19; (3) the number of doses administered; (4) the level of approving of coexisting with Covid-19; (5) the level of approving of easing the mask mandate; (6) the mentality of epidemic prevention after having purchased the insurance; (7) the hypothetical mentality of the uninsured after purchasing the insurance. Among them, (2) and (3), (4) and (5), (6) and (7) are compared and analyzed in pairs. Our analytical methods include data visualization, traditional regression models, and ordered-logit models. The explanatory variables of the regression models include risk attitude, gender, age, education level, etc. The empirical findings show that the results of traditional regression models are consistent with those of the ordered-logit models. We also confirm risk attitude has a significant impact on all topics.

Brief results for each topic are as follows: (1): Men pay more attention to COVID-19 information than women, but there is no significant difference between the channels they choose. (2) & (3): The level of worry about contracting covid-19 was influenced by the degree of the recent pandemics, and the effect of age was not statistically significant; instead, The number of doses of vaccination will first decrease and then increase with age. (4) & (5): Compared with the issue of coexistence, people's attitude towards mask loosening is more cautious, and the impact of risk attitude is nearly double. (6) & (7): The impact of risk attitude on moral hazard is about twice as big in the actual situation as in the hypothetical situation.