公共自行車能量回收系統研製

Abstract

聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第28次締約方大會（The 28th session of the Conference of the Parties, COP28）中提到若要實現將全球升溫控制在1.5°C以內的目標，至2030及2035年，全球應分別減少43%和60%的溫室氣體排放，並於2050年實現淨零排放，而交通運輸往往為主要的碳排放源。台灣目前市占率最高的公共自行車公司為微笑單車股份有限公司，當前該公司的公共自行車(Youbike2.0)僅能將騎乘時的動能轉換為電能供自行車前後車燈使用，其提供服務的電動輔助車(Youbike2.0E)目前也仍以人工方式替換Youbike2.0E車上電池，此方法不僅消耗人力，也浪費多餘電能，若能將Youbike2.0所產生之多餘電能回收且加以儲存，不僅可延伸應用作為Youbike2.0E的能量供應，還能更進一步用於其他綠色交通工具或城市基礎設施，若再加入適當的租借優惠費率等措施，更可提升使用率。 本專題以Arduino Uno來接收資訊、傳送控制訊號及判斷是否回收電能，整體設計分為自行車車端、駐車端與後端管理介面。自行車車端在騎乘過程產生電能後，將電能回收至車端裝設的鋰離子電池。自行車靠上駐車端後，藉由模組感測是否達到可放電的條件，放電至駐車樁的鉛酸電池，後端管理介面可顯示當前回收電能、電池狀態、萃取時間等數據，亦透過實驗找出花鼓發電電壓與騎乘時速關係，並透過實際騎乘計算自行車可回收之能量，以驗證其實用性。

The 28th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28) stated that to achieve the goal of limiting global warming to within 1.5°C, global greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced by 43% by 2030 and 60% by 2035, with net-zero emissions to be achieved by 2050. Transportation is often a major source of carbon emissions. In Taiwan, the public shared bicycles company with the highest market share is YouBike Corporation. Currently, the company's shared bicycles (YouBike 2.0) can only convert kinetic energy generated during riding into electricity to power the front and rear lights of the bicycles. Meanwhile, the electric-assisted bicycles (YouBike 2.0E) still rely on manual battery replacement. This approach not only consumes manpower but also leads to energy waste. If the excess energy generated by YouBike 2.0 could be collected and stored, it could serve as an energy source for YouBike 2.0E, help establish multiple decentralized energy storage systems, and even be used for other green transportation or urban infrastructure. Additionally, implementing appropriate rental discounts or incentive measures could further increase usage rates. The project uses Arduino Uno to receive information, transmit control signals, and determine whether to recover energy. The overall design is divided into three parts: the bicycle unit, the parking pile station, and the backend management interface. The bicycle unit generates electricity during riding, which is stored in a lithium-ion battery installed on the bicycle. When the bicycle is parked, a sensor module checks whether the conditions for discharging are met, and if so, the energy is transferred to the lead-acid battery at the docking station. The backend management interface displays data such as recovered energy, battery status, and extraction time. This project also includes experiments to determine the relationship between hub dynamo voltage and riding speed and calculates the amount of energy that can be recovered through actual riding to verify its practicality.