機房溫度監測與過熱警報系統設計

Abstract

中文摘要 本專題以「機房溫度監測與過熱警報系統」為主題，針對機房內伺服器、網路設備、電源供應器與通訊設備長時間運轉所產生的熱量進行監測與警示設計。機房若發生空調異常、通風不良或設備散熱不足，環境溫度可能逐漸升高，進而造成設備效能下降、保護性關機，甚至導致硬體損壞或資料遺失。因此，本專題設計一套具備溫度量測、訊號轉換、訊號放大、門檻判斷與警報輸出的系統，以達到即時監測與異常提醒的目的。本系統以教材中的 CB100D 電阻式溫度感測器作為主要設計基準，並可參考RTD / Pt100 類似架構進行實作。CB100D 利用電阻值隨溫度上升而增加的特性，透過有源電橋轉換電路將電阻變化轉換為電壓訊號。要注意的是，若實際改用標準 Pt100 感測器，因其溫度係數與教材 CB100D 不完全相同，需依資料表重新修正電阻對照表、校正電阻與輸出比例。由於轉換後的電壓訊號較小，因此再使用 OP Amp 放大電路將訊號放大至可判讀範圍。本專題設計 0°C～100°C 對應0V～2.0V，使輸出電壓與溫度具有近似線性關係，方便後續比較器進行門檻判斷。系統設定 35°C 為預警門檻，40°C 為過熱警報門檻。當溫度低於 35°C 時，系統顯示正常狀態；當溫度達到 35°C 以上時，黃色 LED 亮起提醒使用者注意；當溫度達到 40°C 以上時，紅色 LED 與蜂鳴器啟動，以提醒管理人員立即檢查冷氣、通風與設備負載狀況。本專題亦針對雜訊干擾、誤差來源、調校流程、測試方法、採購成本與未來擴充進行完整規劃，使本系統不僅具備基本溫度量測功能，也具有實際應用與後續升級的可行性。

Abstract This project focuses on the design of a server room temperature monitoring and overheat alarm system for monitoring and warning against heat generated by servers, network equipment, power supplies, and communication devices during long-term operation. If the air-conditioning system fails, ventilation is inadequate, or heat dissipation is insufficient, the ambient temperature may gradually rise, causing performance degradation, protective shutdowns, hardware damage, or even data loss. Therefore, this project develops a system integrating temperature measurement, signal conversion, signal amplification, threshold detection, and alarm output to achieve real-time monitoring and abnormal-condition notification. The system uses the CB100D resistive temperature sensor described in the course material as the main design reference, while similar RTD or Pt100 structures may also be adopted in practice. The CB100D operates based on the increase in resistance with rising temperature. An active bridge circuit converts the resistance variation into a voltage signal. It should be noted that if a standard Pt100 sensor is used instead, its temperature coefficient differs from that of the CB100D; therefore, the resistance table, calibration resistors, and output scaling must be recalculated according to the actual datasheet. Since the converted voltage signal is relatively small, an operational amplifier is used to amplify it to a readable range. In this design, a temperature range of 0°C to 100°C corresponds approximately to an output voltage range of 0V to 2.0V, providing an approximately linear temperature-to-voltage relationship for subsequent comparator-based threshold detection. The system sets 35°C as the warning threshold and 40°C as the overheat alarm threshold. When the temperature is below 35°C, the system indicates a normal condition. When the temperature reaches 35°C or above, the yellow LED turns on to warn the user. When the temperature reaches 40°C or above, the red LED and buzzer are activated, prompting maintenance personnel to immediately inspect the air-conditioning system, ventilation, and equipment load. This project also includes a comprehensive analysis of noise interference, error sources, calibration procedures, testing methods, procurement costs, and future expansion. As a result, the proposed system not only provides basic temperature monitoring but also demonstrates practical applicability and potential for further development.