美國近年貿易概況

Abstract

中文摘要 現今美國的大批民眾反對自由貿易，他們認為在自由貿易協定的簽署下美國長期貿易逆差造成他們的損失，而美國長期的貿易逆差到底從何而來?面對這樣的事實，美國又該如何改善? 這份報告透過收集各年代的美國貿易相關資料結合課堂所學理論:引力模型、規模經濟，從美國的經濟發展歷程切入主題，分析從1978年與現今美國在貿易上進出口物品的轉變以及1990年來貿易額排名靠前的幾個國家的排名變動。同時也加以描述美國最大的貿易協定《北美自由貿易協定》的組成與由來。美國當初簽訂了這項協定是為了穩固自己在國際貿易局勢中的地位，也確實帶來了經濟成長和生產力提高，但是伴隨而來的產業外移以及因為關稅減少而銳減的龐大收入，還有造成更多他國較有利的產品與美國本土產業競爭，這些都是造成美國龐大貿易逆差的種種原因。 因此川普上任後開始推行一系列反自由貿易的相關政策，試圖改善美國現況。而這樣反自由貿易的政策，將會對國際貿易造成何種影響，還需觀察此政策的成效如何。

Abstract Nowadays, a large number of people in the United States oppose free trade. They think that under the free trade agreement, the long-term trade deficit in the United States will cause them loss. And then,what causes the long-standing U.S. trade deficit? In this situation, how should the United States improve? By collecting information on U.S. trade from all walks of life, this report explores the theme of economic development in the United States and analyzes the changes in the trade of goods from 1978 to the present U.S. and the top countries in trade by 1990 Change in rankings. At the same time, it also describes the composition and origin of North American Free Trade Agreement, the largest trade agreement in the United States. The United States had signed this agreement to stabilize its position in the international trade situation and indeed to bring about economic growth and productivity gains. However, industrial relocation and reduction of tariffs cause the huge drop in revenue.In addition,more favorable products from other countries is more advantaged than the U.S. products.So,above-mentioned situations are reasons of huge U.S. trade deficit. Therefore, after Trump took office, Trump started to implement a series of policies on anti-free trade and tried to improve the current situation in the United States. And such anti-free trade policies will have an impact on international trade. We also need to observe the effectiveness of this policy.