3D列印彩色外掛模組渲染技術及視覺監控性能之研發

Abstract

中文摘要 (1)目的：近年來3D列印等快速成型（RP，Rapid Prototyping）之盛行，而FDM（熔融沉積成型，Fused Deposition Modeling）因入門門檻低，所以容易入手。目前市面上以FDM系統之3D列印機佔市場率較高。但現有3D列印機以單色列印為主，對設計師、藝術家而言，其作品無法以彩色的樣貌呈現，唯之可惜。 (2)過程及方法：我們構想出設計彩色外掛模組，該模組是以三原色及有機溶劑的四個墨水匣，有機溶劑為清潔管線剩料，其開關用電磁閥，使用Matlab與Arduino Mega2560做連結控制，並用內建GUI建置人機介面。當顏料經開關送入混色槽，並藉由噴頭對單一白色線材PLA上色。視覺監控是為了分析上色的均勻度及穩定性，我們自製固定大小的試片，並修改其列印G-Code程式碼，使其列印方式單一，試片成品將放置於暗箱進行拍攝，並經由Matlab影像處裡，將Pixel與明暗度數據化後繪製分析圖，藉由分析圖導出外掛模組(例如:顏料之濃度、上色噴頭之壓力、電磁閥開關頻率、上色層數)與3D列印(例如:列印速度、列印溫度)之關係。 (3)結果： 經自製人機介面GUI撰寫外掛模組程式，能依據使用者之顏色需求做調控，其外掛模組設計之成品符合預期，能穩定染色於PLA白色線材上，並沿鐵氟龍管線輸入進3D列印機列印成彩色元件，而經視覺模組分析試片，從其數據得知顏料採用Mr.color之模型漆，而上色層數採四層效果最佳。

Abstract (1)Purpose: In recent years, 3D printing and other rapid prototyping are very prevalent. Because the price of FDM 3D (Fused Deposition Molding) printer is low, it is easy to start. Currently ,FDM system takes a great part on the market. But the existing 3D printing machines print models in monochrome. For designers ,artists , their works can not be presented in colors that is unfortunate.

(2)Process: We think of the design of color plug-in module which have three primary colors (blue、red、yellow) and organic solvents in the four ink cartridges, organic solvents are to clean residual material in the flow tube. The four solenoid valves control the flow of ink cartridges, and we use Matlab connect to the Arduino Mega2560 to control valves, using built-in GUI function to build machine interface.

Visual monitor is to analyze the uniformity of color and stability, we made a fixed size of the test piece, and modify its printing G-Code to make it a single way to print, test pieces will be placed in the Camera obscurato and use Matlab to capture images , Pixel and the brightness of the data will be drawn to the analysis chart, by analyzing the plot to export plug-in module ( such as: the concentration of paint, color nozzle pressure, solenoid valve and switching frequency ) and 3D printing (such as speed 、temperature) of the relationship.

(3)Result: We use Matlab GUI function to write the colorful plug-in module program, according to the users’ needs to be adjusted. The plug-in module design finished as expected, stably stained in PLA white wire, and along the Teflon line into the 3D Printing machine printed into color components. The visual module analyzes test specimens. From the data, we found out that the paint used Mr. color model paint and the four layers are the best result.