Watermarking on 3D Model in Spatial and Frequency Domains

Abstract

Methods of embedding watermarks into 3D models are proposed in this paper. The 3D model is transformed into 2D matrix by first transforming 3D rectangular coordinates of the model into cylindrical coordinates with constant interval in the Z axis and quantizing the radial angles with required angular change. 2D watermarks are respectively embedded into the resulting 2D representation of 3D model in spatial domain and frequency domain. Approaches using JPEG-like compression and reduction in 3D points are adopted as attack processes in testing the robustness of the embedded watermarks. The results show that the watermarks are more robust against attacks from the same domain.